Shafts are usually round and may be solid or hollow. A shaft is a rotating member usually of circular crosssection solid or hollow, which transmits power and rotational motion. Most shafts have circular cross sections, either solid or tubular. The subject of shaft sinking has been discussed at some length in an earlier bureau of mines bulletin. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Shafts are generally subjected to bending moment, torsion and axial force or a. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. This program simplifies the lengthy and complex process of shaftlining design. Designing of shafts is one of the most complex processes in mine planning. Definition of shaft standard shaft sizes standard shaft materials design of shaft based on strength 8. Design of shaft on the basis of rigidity and strength calculation and angle of twist design of shaft. Mine shaft part 2, mine shaft graphs and answers, more graphs and answers, a final look at graphs and answers, interactive resource 1, mine shaft paths, interactive resource 2, exploring the triangle path and. Asme shaft design allowable stress and diameter equations and. As the piles are driven down, the ground is excavated, and a circular crib is put in every few feet.
Design the worstcase counter shaft diameter, d, for infinite life. Geology and groundwater conditions at the site access conditions into mine. Mine hoist plant selection hoisting and shaft ropes hoist rope attachments. Engineer and build an underground mine mining matters. Criteria for shaft design are described and methods of design developed. The need for a robust and accurate surveying and inspection tool is very clear. Pdf a chromite ore body located in eastern india is to be extracted by sublevel open stoping method. Minto mine underground mine development and operations. In this way the shaft is sunk in a series of short wooden cylinders.
Design stresses in shafts august 15, 2007 23 find the torsion in the shaft. After discussing design basic of mine shaft elevators and criticizing advantages and disadvantages of them, mine case study will be illustrated. The electronic pdf version of this document, available free of charge. Each company will submit a tender for the design and construction of a mine lifting system, commonly called mine shaft headgear. A numerical study with different rock mass strengths and.
The difference between a shaft and an axle is that the shaft rotates to transmit power, and that it is subjected to fatigue. This white paper explores the following topics related to shaft design. If the shaft should be deep and shaft diameter is supposed to be more than 4. Dnvglcg0038 calculation of shafts in marine applications. In a real mine, the shaft is dug down through solid rock to the drift level and then the drifts are dug horizontally. The deep shaft coal mine consists of essentially two vertical shafts, one to hoist men and materials, and the other for winding coal from deeper seems. It generally has circular crosssection and can be solid or hollow. The survey intellectual capital, with respect to sinking and equipping shafts, has been lost across the discipline due to attrition.
Proper shaft machining methods how to minimize shaft wear. Make a headframe building at the top of the shaft and place it over the shaft hole. Mine shaft surface structures comprisesviz shaft collar cum head frame foundation, shaft winding plant. Design of the shaft lining and shaft stations for deep polymetallic ore deposits 1 r w na rqd j j q j jsrf 5 where jn is the joint set number, jr indicates the joint roughness number, ja is the joint alteration number, jw is the joint water reduction factor, whereas srf is the stress re duction factor. Each team will pretend to be a mechanical engineering company. Inspection trip 6 only workers required to conduct the examination of the shaft or winze structure and its environment shall be carried on the initial trip. Pdf design of lining for a mine shaft and decline using numerical. The primary objectives are to 1 define the nature, magnitude, and direction of the stresses acting around proposed shaft openings, 2 determine the structural sensitivity of various shaft designs to changes in applied load, shape, orientation, support, etc. Mine shaft design and construction planning division cmpdil hq, coal india limited.
Shaft design includes the determination of shaft diameter having the strength and rigidity to transmit motor or engine power under various operating conditions. Shaft design material selection geometric layout stress and strength static strength fatigue strength deflection and rigidity bending deflection torsional deflection slope at bearings and shaftsupported elements shear deflection due to transverse loading of short shafts vibration due to natural frequency. Shafts a shaft is an element used to transmit power and torque, and it can support reverse bending fatigue. Shaft the nb shaft can be used in a wide range of applications as a mechanical component from straight shaft to spindle shaft. The objective of this thesis is to predict lining thickness inside circular mine shafts. Shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft in squeezing ground g. All exiting potash mine shafts in saskatchewan except for two with composite steelconcrete lining used the cast iron tubbing technology. Limitations of standard analytical methods of shaft liner design uwa. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft. Finally, the computer program, shaft was also introduced. A shaft is defined as a vertical or inclined permanent opening that gives access and services various levels of a mine.
A structural approach to shaft design for deep mines in hard. This program simplifies the lengthy and complex process of shaft lining design. Canan ozgen dean, graduate school of natural and applied sciences. Given constraint and dimension specifications for a tensioner shaft, we had to take fatigue, stress concentration, standard part availability, and manufacturing considerations into account to finalize and. Venetia mine is south of the limpopo river 87 km west of musina. Design of shaft basis of rigidity uk essays ukessays. Machine elements such as gears, pulleys sheaves, flywheels, clutches, and sprockets are mounted on the shaft and are used to transmit power from the driving device motor or engine through a machine. Shaft design is critical to the performance of your industrial mixer. Find bending moments from gears, pulleys, or sprockets that are transmitting loads to or from other devices.
Determine torque in shafts from gears, pulleys, sprockets, clutches, and couplings. Design of shaft a shaft is a rotating member usually of circular crosssection solid or hollow, which transmits power and rotational motion. When it comes to design of a mine shaft, there are two options. It is a rotating member, in general, has a circular crosssection and is used to transmit power.
Lina colucci, dianhao luo, andrew mang and byung seok kwon date. Several technical standards for mine shaft lining design have been developed over the past century, especially in countries that have constructed a high number. A number of shaftsinking operations are described in detail in the series of information circulars on mining methods and costs, to some of which reference will be made later. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash. Minto mine qml0001 underground mine development and operations plan june 2014 1 background this underground mine development and operations plan umdop has been prepared to satisfy the requirements of quartz mining icence qml00l01 for the development and mining of the underground at minto mine, owned by minto explorations ltd. In this paper, the methodology of the shaft lining and shaft station lining design for a deep shaft is presented based on the victoria mine located. For old mine shafts, galleries may have been closed with remaining items but without particular design. The technical literature is replete with descriptions of and data on shaft sinking equipment, methods and costs. An inspection and surveying system for vertical shafts.
Various design and construction parameters were investigated to deter mine the effect on shaft stability. Shaft is supported in selfaligning ball bearings and gears are both 10 pitch, 40 tooth, 20 spur gears. Shaft design and analysis a shaft is the component of a mechanical device that transmits rotational motion and power. Perform the static design of the shaft when gears 1 and 2 are engaged, based on yield criteria. Signed near bottom 7 in a shaft or winze sinking operation, a bucket or skip shall be lowered and held at least 4. Steel image was requested to determine the details of failure.
Because of various causes, for example concrete segregation or poor lining design, a failure of this deep closure structure can occur allowing the filling material to spread into the galleries, resulting in a collapse of the shaft. A number of shaft sinking operations are described in detail in the series of information circulars on mining methods and costs, to some of which reference will be made later. Nbs expertise in machining and heattreatment turns into manufacturing. Shaft is a common machine element which is used to transmit rotary motion or torque. Rectangular shafts were studied in detail to determine the. The shaft mine has compartments for a skip hoist, elevators called cages, and service facilities such as ventilation ducts. A methodology for lining design of circular mine shafts in different rock masses submitted by erdooan guler in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in mining engineering department, middle east technical university by, prof. Make a smaller ventilation shaft in your mine by repeating step 6 on the right end of the drift.
The specification and design of transmission shafts is of special significance in the layout of vehicle transmissions. Tutorial shaft design situation the company you are interning for is manufacturing a shaft for use with a motor and gear. Structural design considerations for deep mine shafts. Shaft design material selection geometric layout stress and strength static strength fatigue strength deflection and rigidity bending deflection torsional deflection slope at bearings and shaft supported elements shear deflection due to transverse loading of short shafts vibration due to natural frequency. Minto mine underground mine development and operations plan. Mineshaft definition of mineshaft by the free dictionary. Shafts are supported on the bearings and transmit torque with the help of gears, belts and pulleys etc. Strength andresistance to deformation must therefore be carefully considered during the design process. In a slope mine, the miners also work at different levels, and the ore is sent to the surface in bucket hoists.
Shaft design objectives compute forces acting on shafts from gears, pulleys, and sprockets. It is integral to any mechanical system in which power is transmitted from a prime mover, such as an electric motor or an engine, to other rotating parts of the system. The five primary variables of shaft design how to prevent fatigue failure in the gearbox shaft when and when not to. Figure 1 depicts a typical access strategy for platinum mine where the initial orebody is exploited by means of an incline or decline shaft system, and later accessed by vertical shafts.
Shaft diameters are a key factor in determining the centre distance of a gearbox, and thus its size. The customer has warned that the previously used shaft was ruined because the gear jammed and the torque from the motor snapped the shaft. Shafts are designed according to their required purpose and depending on the demands set out. A shaft is a rotating member usually of circular crossection solid or hollow, which is used to transmit power and rotational motion. Shafts are also used in civil construction projects. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The diagram depicts a cross section of three different kinds of mines, along with structural elements of the underground shaft and slope mines. Shaft shown drives a gear set that is transmitting 5 hp at 1750 rpm. Compare combined stresses to suitable allowable stresses. Mine shaft and adit closing design and constrcution data requirements the following items must be addressed in the design folder for a mine shaft and adit closing. The concept of the vertical opening inspection system vois is very simple, and developed naturally from early crude attempts at shaft inspection which essentially involved deploying cameras into vertical shafts via winch. Handbook to best practices for mine shafts protection. You will now design the shaft when each of the gears are engaged 1, 2, 3, 5 for infinite fatigue life, assuming the maximum torque is being transmitted. Shaft conveyances mine hoist electrical motors and drives.
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